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- 1918 - Influenza Outbreak Hits Canada
- May 24, 1918 - Canada Elections Act: Women Get the Vote - Women now have the same voting rights as men in federal elections.
- 1919 - First Women Allowed to Run for Office - Women given the right to run as candidates in federal elections, and hold public office at the federal level in Canada.
- 1919 - Grand Trunk Pacific, the western division of the Grand Trunk Railway, consolidates a line from Winnipeg to Prince Rupert.
- 1919 - The Canadian National Railways is created as a crown corporation to acquire and further consolidate these smaller lines.
- 1919 - Rodeo's first reverse-opening side-delivery bucking chute is designed and made by cowboy artist Earl W. Bascom and his father John W. Bascom at Lethbridge, Alberta.
- June 14, 1919 - British Army Captain John Alcock and Lt. Arthur Brown depart on the first successful non stop transatlantic flight, from St. John's, Newfoundland from St. John's, Newfoundland; their 3,100 km flight ends 16 hours later with a nose-down landing at Clifden, County Galway, Ireland.
- May 15, 1919 - Start of 1919 Winnipeg General Strike, as the metals and buildings trades call for union recognition; expands until it paralyzes Winnipeg (May 19-June 26).
- May 20, 1919 - **Citizens Committee of 1000 Combats Winnipeg General Strike.
- June 21, 1919 - Bloody Saturday in Winnipeg General Strike, as armed charge by the RCMP kills one striker and injures thirty.
- May 7, 1920 - First Group of Seven Exhibition.
- May 20, 1920 - Canadian Marconi Company's experimental radio station XWA hosts the First scheduled radio show in North America, and possibly in the world, broadcasting a music program from Montréal to a meeting of the Royal Society of Canada in Ottawa; became station CFCF on November 4, 1920, and is reputed to be the oldest radio station in the world.
- October 4, 1920 - Wing Commander Robert Leckie takes off from Dartmouth, Nova Scotia to begin the First flight across Canada; he arrives in Winnipeg, Manitoba on October 11, 1920. From Winnipeg Air Commodore A. K. Tylee and three other pilots fly to Vancouver, BC, arriving October 17, 1920. The Total elapsed time is 45 hours and 20 minutes for a flight of 5,488 km.
- 1920 - First Chief Electoral Officer - Position of Chief Electoral Officer of Canada created to oversee federal elections nationwide; House of Commons appoints Col. Oliver Mowat Biggar Canada's first C.E.O., an independent administrator of Canadian federal elections.
- 1920 - First Status Indians to Vote - Native people given the right to vote, but Status [Treaty] Indians have to give up their treaty rights and registered Indian status to do so.
- 1920 - Canada joins the League of Nations at its inception.
- 1920 - The Progressive Party is formed by T. A. Crerar to obtain low tariffs for western farmers.
- March 26, 1921 - Launch of the Bluenose at Lunenburg
- November 21, 1921 - **King George V Proclaims Canada's Coat of Arms
- December 6, 1921 - 14th general election, Liberals, led by Mackenzie King, win a minority government, defeating Conservative prime minister Arthur Meighen, whose party is reduced to third-place in the House. Meighen becomes opposition leader, however, as the Progressives decline the title of official opposition. J. S. Woodsworth becomes the first socialist elected to the House of Commons.
- December 6, 1921 - First Election With Female Candidates - First federal election that includes female candidates; four women ran; Agnes MacPhail elected.
- December 6, 1921 - First Female MP -Agnes Macphail becomes the first woman elected to Parliament, then representing the Progressive Party (which came in second and held the balance of power despite refusals to form an official opposition).
- 1921 - Colonial Motors of Walkerville, Ontario manufactures an automobile called the Canadian.
- July 27, 1921 - Banting and Best Isolate Insulin
- January 11, 1922 - **Banting Treats First Patient With Insulin
- 1922 - The Canadian Northern and Canadian Transcontinental Railways merge to form the Canadian National Railways.
- 1922 - Canada's reveals a growing independence by not going to Britain's aid in the Chanak crisis in Turkey.
- 1922 - Foster Hewitt makes the first hockey broadcast.
- 1922 - Rodeo's first hornless bronc saddle is designed and made by cowboy artist Earl W. Bascom at Lethbridge, Alberta.
- 1922 - A Provincial Franchise Committee is organized in Québec to work towards female suffrage in the province.
- July 1, 1923 - The federal government limits Chinese immigration; called Humiliation Day by Chinese-Canadians.
- October 25, 1923 - Frederick Banting & John Macleod of the University of Toronto jointly win the Nobel Prize for Medicine for their discovery of the hormone insulin. Banting shares his prize money with Charles Best, Macleod with J. B. Collip.
- October 29, 1923 - United Farmers of Alberta open the Alberta Wheat Pool.
- 1923 - Canada signs the Halibut Treaty with the U.S. without the traditional British signature. Mackenzie King leads the opposition to a common imperial policy at the Imperial Conference in London.
- 1923 - Always heavily subsidized, the Grand Trunk Railway is finally taken over by the government.
- 1924 - Rodeo's first one-hand bareback rigging is designed and made by rodeo cowboy Earl W. Bascom at Stirling, Alberta.
- April 1, 1924 - Billy Barker Acting Director of the Royal Canadian Air Force on its official founding day.
- July 6, 1924 - William Stephenson from Winnipeg sends the first wire photo across Atlantic by radio, to England from New York; the first of his wirephotos was published by the Daily Mail in December, 1924.
- October 29, 1924 - - **Doukhobor Leader Peter Verigin Killed in a Bomb Blast planted in a railroad coach near Nelson, BC.
- 1925 - Newfoundland women receive the right to vote.
- 1925 - 15th general election, Conservatives, led by Arthur Meighen, win more seats than Mackenzie King's Liberals, who hold on to power with the help of Progressive Robert Forke. The Progressives withdraw support from scandal-plagued Liberals and refuse to support the Conservatives, triggering the 1926 election.
- 1926 - Rodeo's first high-cut rodeo chaps are designed and made by rodeo cowboy and designer Earl W. Bascom at Stirling, Alberta.
- 1926 - The King-Byng Affair.
- September 14, 1926 - 16th general election, Liberals, led by Mackenzie King, defeat Athur Meighen's Conservatives, winning a majority with a Liberal-Progressive coalition.
- November 18, 1926 - The Balfour Report defines British dominions as autonomous and equal in status.
- March 1, 1927 - Britain's Privy Council awards the interior of Labrador to Newfoundland instead of Québec; boundary along Atlantic watershed.
- 1927 - First coast-to-coast radio network broadcast celebrates the Diamond Jubilee of Confederation.
- January 9, 1927 - Laurier Palace Theatre Fire Montréal, Québec - 77 killed
- 1927 - The Famous Five and the Persons Case
- 1928 - The Supreme Court of Canada rules that the BNA Act does not define women as persons and are therefore not eligible to hold public office.
- September 5, 1929 - Hudson Bay Railway reaches its northern terminus at Churchill, Manitoba; first operated by Canadian National Railways on behalf of the Government
- October 18, 1929 - The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council reverses the Supreme Court of Canada decision of 1928, and women are legally declared persons.
- October 19, 1929 - Stock Market Crash signals start of Great Depression.
- December 31, 1929 - **Guy Lombardo Rings in New Years Eve with Auld Lang Syne.
- 1929 - Workers' Unity League is formed.
- 1929 - Tsunami Hits Burin Peninsula, Newfoundland (all deaths in Newfoundland]] except one drowning in Cape Breton, Nova Scotia) - 28 killed
- 1930 - 17th general election, Conservatives, led by R.B. Bennett, defeat Mackenzie King's Liberals, winning a majority.
- 1930 - Jean de Brébeuf and other Jesuit martyrs are officially canonized.
- 1930 - Canada's first woman senator is Cairine Wilson.
- 1930 - Beginning of the Dirty Thirties decade in the Prairie Provinces - 780 die as a result of hardship
- December 11, 1931 - Statute of Westminster passes. It authorizes the Balfour Report (1926), granting Canada full legislative authority in both internal and external affairs. The Governor General becomes a representative of the Crown. The Statute severs colonial ties to the United Kingdom. However the British North America Act, 1867 remains an Act of the British Parliament.
- 1932 - The Ottawa Agreements provide for preferential trade between Canada and other Commonwealth nations.
- August 1, 1932 - **J. S. Woodsworth Chosen to Lead New CCF Party at Co-Operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) founding conference in Calgary.
- 1932 - R. B. Bennett's government establishes Relief Camps to cope with the problem of unemployed single men.
- 1932 - Doukhobours add the burning of farm buildings to their protest techniques.
- May 26, 1932 - CRBC (future CBC) established.
- July 19, 1933 - The Co-operative Commonwealth Federation, led by J. S. Woodsworth, holds a convention in Regina and adopts the CCF's federal program, the Regina Manifesto.
- 1934 - The Bank of Canada is founded.
- May 28, 1934 - Birth of Dionne Quintuplets
- June 5, 1935 - Relief Camp Workers Start On to Ottawa Trek. About one thousand unemployed and disillusioned men from all over the western provinces begin a mass march, usually called the On-To-Ottawa trek, to confront R.B. Bennett over the Relief Camps (to July 1).
- August 22, 1935 - William Aberhart leads Social Credit to majority victory in Alberta election; world's First Social Credit government will stay in power until 1971.
- 1935 - Maurice Duplessis, a Québec Conservative, allies with a splinter group of Liberals under Paul Gouin to form the Union nationale; attempt to remove a corrupt Liberal administration.
- 1935 - 18th general election, Liberals, led by Mackenzie King, defeat Bennett's Conservatives with a majority.
- 1935 - Canadian cowboys Earl W. Bascom and Weldon Bascom produce history's first night rodeo held outdoors at night under electric lights.
- July 26, 1936 - King Edward VIII Dedicates the Vimy Memorial, commemorating those Canadians who took Vimy Ridge in 1917.
- November 2, 1936 - New Canadian Broadcasting Act creates the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation and CBC Radio Takes to the Air
- 1936 - Union nationale leader Maurice Duplessis ousts Paul Gouin and becomes Premier of Québec.
- 1936 - Severe Summer Heat Wave in Manitoba and Ontario (including 400 drownings while trying to cool off) - 1,180 killed
- 1937 - The Rowell-Sirois Commission is appointed to investigate the financial relationship between the federal government and the provinces.
- September 1, 1937 - Trans Canada Air Lines begins regular flights.
- 1938 - Meeting Mackenzie King in Kingston, Ontario, Franklin D. Roosevelt is the first U.S. president to make an official visit to Canada.
- June 19, 1938 - Bloody Sunday - Vancouver police storm Vancouver Post Office and some other public buildings and eject Relief Camp workers and others; 35 people wounded; Vancouver Sit-ins organized by Workers' Unity League.
- September 10, 1939 - World War II - Canada declares war on Germany after remaining neutral for a week following the British declaration.
- October 26, 1939 - Premier Maurice Duplessis opposes Québec's participation in the war but is defeated by the Liberals on the issue.
- December 17, 1939 - World War II - **Canada Hosts British Commonwealth Air Training Plan, with participating airmen from Canada, Great Britain, New Zealand and Australia
- May 2, 1939 - John Grierson Creates National Film Board.
- 1940 - The Unemployment Insurance Commission is introduced.
- 1940 - 19th general election, Liberals, led by Mackenzie King, are re-elected with a second consecutive majority, defeating Robert Manion's National Government party, a failed attempt to recreate Robert Borden's World War I-era Unionists.
- 1940 - Canada and the U.S. form a Permanent Joint Defense Board.
- June 4, 1940 - World War II - **Canadians Assist Dunkirk Evacuation, as about 337,000 Allied troops get safely to Britain.
- June, 1940 - Parliament passes the controversial National Resources Mobilization Act, which allows conscription for military service only within Canada.
- 1940 - Despite provincial disagreement, some of the financial recommendations of the Rowell-Sirois commission -- especially those relating to a minimum national standard of services -- are implicitly and unilaterally adopted by Ottawa.
- 1940 - Idola Saint-Jean and other early feminists finally succeed in obtaining the vote for Québecois women.
- December 30, 1941 - Winston Churchill Visits Ottawa, Gets Photographed by Karsh.
- December 8, 1941 - World War II - Canadian Troops Fight in the Battle of Hong Kong taken as POW's.
- 1942 - Arsonist Sets Knights of Columbus Hostel Fire, St. John's, Newfoundland - 99 killed
- February 26, 1942 - The Japanese Canadian Internment; about 22000 Canadians of Japanese descent are stripped of non- portable possessions, interned, evacuated as security risks and relocated away from the BC coast.
- April 27, 1942 - A national plebiscite approves amendment of the National Resources Mobilization Act to permit sending conscripts overseas, once again revealing deep divisions between Québec and English Canada.
- August 6, 1942 - World War II - **HMCS Assiniboine Scores a Success, ramming and sinking a German U-Boat.
- August 19, 1942 - World War II - **Canadians Slaughtered in Dieppe Raid, as Canada's first participation in the European theatre, is a disaster.
- October 14, 1942 - World War II - Ferry Caribou torpedoed by German U-boat in Cabot Strait 30 km off Newfoundland coast - 136 drowned
- July 10, 1943 - World War II - Canadians participate in the invasion of Sicily.
- December 21, 1943 - The Battle of Ortona - Canada's Stalingrad; to December 28, 1943.
- June 15, 1944 - CCF under Tommy Douglas Win Saskatchewan Election, forming the first socialist government in North America.
- July 23, 1944 - World War II - Canadian forces fight as a separate army.
- August, 1944 -The Family Allowance Act is passed.
- June 6, 1944 - World War II - Canadian Troops Land in Normandy as Part of Operation Overlord - (D-Day). Canadian troops push further than other allied units.
- 1944 - HMCS Valleyfield torpedoed by German U-boat 150 km east of Newfoundland - 125 killed
- May 5, 1945 - World War II - Canadians Liberate the Netherlands
- May 7, 1945 - World War II - Halifax V-E Day Riot
- June 20, 1945 - The first family allowance (baby-bonus) payments are made.
- June 26, 1945 - Canada joins the United Nations.
- September 2, 1945 - World War II - Hostilities in the Pacific theatre of war end.
- September 5, 1945 - Igor Gouzenko defects from the Soviet Embassy in Ottawa and reveals the existence in Canada of a Soviet spy network.
- September 5, 1945 - Canada's first nuclear reactor, the ZEEP or Zero Energy Experimental Pile, goes on line in Chalk River, Ontario.
- 1945 - 20th general election, Liberals, led by Mackenzie King, are re-elected with a third consecutive majority, defeating the newly renamed Progressive Conservatives, led by John Bracken.
